Australia Essay Example for Free

Australia Essay The downturn in the worldwide money related emergency has intensified Australias the travel industry. Significant offices as of late anticipated that Australia will be diminished by inbound visitors this year, over 4% the previous 20 years Australian the travel industry is confronting the most serious blow. Australian Bureau of Statistics information discharged ,2007-2008 Australian the travel industry commitment to GDP was 3.6%, while this extent was 4.7% beforehand. In this manner, the travel industry downturn will unavoidably influence Australias economy all in all. The biggest wellspring of the travel industry is the absence of difficulty. Australian Tourism and Transport Forum official chief Ã¥ ¥ ¥Ã¥Ë† ©Ã§ »'Ã¥ ¨â€¦ æ ²Æ' thinking as of late called attention to that the customary source nations as Australia and the travel industry of the United States, Britain, Japan and South Korea economy keeps on declining, bringing about essentially diminished guests to Australia, the circumstance later on may keep on falling apart. As indicated by pertinent divisions of Australia gauges, notwithstanding guests from New Zealand will increment in the midst of difficulty, the following a half year, travelers from different nations will be the quantity of voyagers fell by twofold digit rates. Australias the travel industry endured a downturn has started to move to the related enterprises. As per insights, about 48.3 million individuals in the Australian the travel industry professionals, however this number is contracting. Up until now, Australias inns, inns, condos and different administrations have been eliminated in excess of 3,000 positions, 63% of the Australian principle traveler administrations might be further cutbacks. Solidarity of the avionics business and the travel industry will normally be safe. Australia and Australia Airlines 14 declared, true to form entire year benefit will be essentially lower than recently expected, the organization will cut upwards of 1,750 employments. Qantas additionally said that day, has been deferred to purchase 4 Airbus A380 and 12 other airplane. Qantas CEO Alan Joyce said Qantas no decision, just to make huge changes in accordance with guarantee that the organization face the hardship. He likewise said that if financial conditions keep on crumbling, the organization might be further cutbacks. A few market analysts accept that Qantas work cuts and different estimates related organizations will negatively affect the Australian economy. In any case, Australian Treasurer Huaiensiwang said the Australian governments monetary improvement plan is to bit by bit assume a cushion job. Prompt test for the Australian Tourism Export Council head é © ¬Ã§â€° ¹Ã¦ ¬ £Ã¦ ¼Ã¨'‚ that the Australian the travel industry has encountered commonly before the battle, however later accomplished a fast recuperation. He said he accepted a rainbow after the tempest. Australias the travel industry assets are exceptionally rich, colorful regular excellence, the one of a kind biological condition, social decent variety and differentiation the created economy is the fundamental condition for the quick improvement of the travel industry. (An) of the inbound the travel industry 1968 Australia got just 24 million outside sightseers, 81 million U.S. dollars, the travel industry outside trade profit. Into the 90s, the Australian economy every year for the travel industry to bring the yield estimation of in excess of 200 million Australian dollars, worth of 80 billion Australian dollars. Number of Foreign Tourists in 1996 arrived at 416.? 50000 visits, the travel industry, remote trade 87. 0.3 billion U.S. dollars, the travel industry outside trade profit has more than fleece, coal, iron mineral and wheat, and other conventional fare items, turned into the countrys quickest developing, most remote trade industry. As per the World Tourism Organization, Australia in 1998 an existence where worldwide the travel industry receipts, global sightseers everywhere throughout the mainlands of the world, Japan has become the biggest source nation of Australia, New Zealand, the United States, Britain and mainland Europe, its conventional source markets. Lately, sightseers from China and Koreas quick development. Motivation behind movement to the principle visitor resort, trailed by visiting companions and family members and business travel. (B) Outbound Tourism Australias quick financial advancement after World War II one of the nations? Per capita GDP in 1997 to $ 20,540 of the world high-salary zones. 1990 Australian visitors traveling to another country just because broke the 200 million individuals in 1996 to 273.2 million abroad vacationer appearances. As per the World Tourism Organization, Australia study visit in 1991, the complete consumption arrived at 38. 800 million U.S. dollars, remote travel goal positions No. 1 in Asia, particularly Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, China, Hong Kong, the Philippines and terrain China and different territories, and this is Oceania, Europe and North America likewise took action accordingly. (C) of the local the travel industry The travel industry has become Australias a significant piece of people groups carries on with, the local voyagers in 1990 contacted 58.446 million individuals, proportionate to the absolute populace of multiple occasions, engaging get-away spot. As indicated by insights, get-away and joy trips represented 42%, 29% visiting companions, meeting business represented 15%; the primary method to head out with their drive to represent 3/4, the time spent voyaging a normal of 4.? 6 days. In the mid year in Australia in January this year, each Christmas, New Year, yet additionally when the school summer occasions, the Friends have carried individuals to his family or excursion, the arrangement of the yearly pinnacle travel. 7-8 two months in winter, is the low season In the financial emergency condition, despite everything won the Australian Hotels perceived worldwide voyagers. As per the Global Online Travel Group the information introduced, there are more this year than a year ago, Australias most mainstream inn into the Global 1000 rundown of lodgings. The third sequential year, Expedia Insiders Select List will be in Adelaide Majestic Roof Garden Hotel named best lodging in Australia, and the 24th most elevated on the planet.

Midsummer Nights Dream Essays (930 words) - Operas,

Midsummer Night's Dream The play A Midsummer Night's Dream by William Shakespeare offers a superb complexity in human attitude. Shakespeare gives knowledge into man's strife with the sane versus passionate attributes of human conduct. Athens speaks to the legitimate side, with its prospering government and society. The pixie woods speaks to the more out of control, silly side where nothing appears to follow any kind of structure. The character of Bottom the weaver is a direct impression of these two universes. He brings the discerning and nonsensical components of the play together in a few different ways. Scratch Bottom is without a doubt one of Shakespeare's most critical manifestations. He is first presented during the throwing of Pyramus and Thisbe(1.2.253). Base is prepared to take on anything. He needs to have each influence in the play. This can be viewed as he says: An I may shroud my face, let me play Thisbe as well. I'll talk in a gigantic little voice: ?Thisne, Thisne!'- ?Ah Pyramus, my darling dear, thy Thisbe dear and woman dear'(1.2.43-45). Further along he states: Let me play the lion as well. I will thunder that I will do any man's hear acceptable to hear me. I will thunder that I will make the Duke state ?Let him thunder once more; let him thunder once more'. (1.2.58-60) Clearly, Bottom has total trust in his capacity to clear from one finish of the passionate scale to the next. Maybe he feels that playing as it were one job in the play is choking and he wouldn't like to constrain his ability to one explicit individual. This is the premise of the distinction among him and the darlings. He wouldn't like to feel confined by any person or thing, in this way throwing away that caring just a single individual is conceivable. As he inquires: What is Pyramus? A sweetheart or a dictator? (1.2 17) and presently comments: That will ask a few tears in its genuine performing. On the off chance that I do it, let the crowd look to their eyes. I will move stones. I will mourn, in a few measure. To the rest. ? However my central diversion is for the despot. I could play'er'cles once in a while, or a section to tear a feline in, to make all part. (1.2.19-23) Here he gives us knowledge into his own character and nearly appears to taunt those in adoration. At the point when he says let the crowd look to their eyes (1.2.20), he is straightforwardly addressing one of the subjects in the play: the utilization of one's eyes in adoration, which as per Bottom implies that individuals don't utilize their heads when in affection and that it is a feeling only dependent on trivialities. Whatever the case might be, clearly he is significantly more of a sweetheart than a despot. Base continues to appear in any case, that one can cherish and be a despot simultaneously. At the point when he is changed into the ass and offers Titania's grove, it demonstrates his wonderful versatility to adjust quickly to whatever life offers him. His lively love of life, positive outlook and anxious guiltlessness acquires him this passageway into the other world so unique in relation to his own. Maybe he isn't totally unequipped for feeling or comprehension love. Beginning from his situation as an absolute bottom pragmatist, he can, with a similar force and euphoria he brings to whatever he does, react to this force and accept. The incredibly changed Bottom, the most improbable contender for the situation on the planet before his change, turns into a participator in the pixie world in the mind boggling job of being Titania's darling. Be that as it may, we see therefore that it was conceivable all things considered. He can, in whole, be both a darling and a dictator yet he realizes that being infatuated is nevertheless a passing stage and that at a few point, one must face reality once more. At the point when Bottom stirs from his fantasy, his own way of responding to it is the best way to deal with the experience. Marvel, stunningness, and a solid feeling of the force past man's misgiving are conveyed by his words here. I have had a fantasy past the mind of man to state what dream it was. Man is nevertheless an ass on the off chance that he go about t'expound this fantasy (4.1.200-202). He properly proclaims the incredible nature of his fantasy and feels most significantly its capacity. He realizes that it ought to be designated Base's dream(4.1.208) for these right reasons since, such as being infatuated, it had no genuine substance. Some may contend that Bottom is a tyrannical, reckless, narcissistic character, which would be a direct

The Benefits of a Multicultural America free essay sample

In America, individuals are brought up to accept that this nation was established on human rights, for example, life, freedom, and quest for satisfaction. In actuality these rights were not generally available for minorities in United States. Minorities in America have needed to conquer impediments including being treated as peasants. Multiculturalism has existed since the commencement of America. Individuals have relocated for a great many years moving into various living spaces and spreading their persuasions more than each other. David Burgos an essayist for saying, a site that work in promoting states, â€Å"I wager a large portion of you contemplated Blacks or African Americans and Hispanics. Most likely some of you referenced Asians as well, and possibly a couple even connected it with non-race-or ethnicity-based minority sections, for example, Muslims. To be sure, in the event that you resemble the vast majority of the U. S. populace, almost certainly, your reaction to my inquiry did exclude Whites by any means. We will compose a custom paper test on The Benefits of a Multicultural America or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Why? Since we as a general public will in general make light of the job of Whites when the discussion focuses on race-related topics† (Burgos). The blending of various societies has brought about a wide range of results relying upon their circumstance. The conviction that few distinct societies can exist together calmly and evenhandedly in a solitary nation, this is the thought we would like to accomplish. Multiculturalism is a conviction that supports the settlement of networks that contains various parts of social practices and thinking. Since the commencement of the United States, the idea of various societies communicating with one another has influenced what has become present day America. In America, the progression of ceaseless mass migration has enormously added to the economy, political air, and the socioeconomics of the nation. The fantasy of the American dream was made in the nineteenth century which individuals spread bits of gossip over the world about a nation that was socially differing with a mixture of custom. The perplexing circumstances in present day American are various and request various societies cooperating to improve this nation. Local Americans were the primary realized people to occupy North America. Several clans and civic establishments existed and evaporated because of starvation, war, and other obscure causes. Before the Europeans showed up, Native Americans were naturalists and seen the world as a blessing from their divine beings. The homesteaders saw the Natives land as an open door for them to proceed with colonel grow. Ninian R, Stein, an educator for earthy colored college composes, â€Å"For the early European homesteaders who settled in Southern New England, means, or all the more expressly farming, was the socially characterized method of deciding both land proprietorship and social personality. These pilgrims and resulting ages turned their look to Native American people groups in endeavors to order Native means making pictures that continue in the authentic writing. Pictures of Native American resource stay key to how we today comprehend, reproduce and endeavor to speak to Pre-Contact scenes in Southern New England. † Although the two gatherings had various perspectives on life, they despite everything figured out how to figure out how to convey and empower exchange. This is the beginning to a multicultural thought in America and has spread out all through decades. A convergence of individuals with considerably more noteworthy decent varieties in culture followed the primary Europeans including Irish and Chinese individuals. America got more grounded because of various capacities that individuals from everywhere throughout the world had. Multiculturalism isn't only decent variety in a nation, on the grounds that pretty much every nation in this world has a blind angle where can be contended is without a doubt differentiated. Instances of this may remember the Christians for Syria which are in reality minority in a Muslim nation. In spite of the fact that this is assorted variety in a religion sense, it doesn't qualify as an alternate social due to the nearby cross examination inside the two sub gatherings. The Christians and Muslims have lived respectively for a long time, the main thing that different the two gatherings from being altogether comparative in life is religion. With the goal for gatherings to be delegated multicultural they must be socially unique. One gathering of individuals that was totally not quite the same as Native Americans and Europeans are Africans. Africans are one of a kind since they are the main gathering of people that went to the place that is known for the free forcibly. The African slave exchange carried a great many Africans to America for slave work. African conventions and customs have affected nearly everything in America. Music, pop social, books all have drape perspectives that can be followed back to Africa. The relatives of Africans have likewise affected the nation from the government level by driving the social liberties development and other verifiable circumstances that help make this nation reasonable and equivalent for everybody. An article toward the beginning of the day call, works admirably depicting the effect that Africans have had on current America, â€Å"The avalanche appointment of a dark president is a demonstration of the American individuals and a certification of one of the most significant standards in the Declaration of Independence: All men are made equal(Cole). African Americans have experienced a huge move in life that has profited everybody in the nation. Another gathering of individuals that had an effect in the multicultural development of the United States is the Irish. The Irish were a people from Ireland who relocated to America in order to seek another and better life. Irish individuals needed employments and cash so as to endure the potato starvation that stripped the number of inhabitants in Ireland Glen, Elsasser, an author for the Chicago tribune states, At the hour of the starvation, Irelands populace was around 9 million, whose locale includes the old waterfront neighborhood of Fells Point, where the purported final resting place ships from Ireland docked with cargoes of dead and unhealthy casualties of the Great Hunger. Around 1 million died and just about 2 million emigrated. You are discussing a country that lost 33% of its population† (Elsasser). This statement works admirably clarifying the provokes Irish confronted coming to America. The cross-country railroad was an incredible open door for individuals in the Irish people group to look for some kind of employment. Most of laborers on the railroad were Irish and Chinese specialists. The Irish were fast students who coordinated rapidly into American culture rethinking all in all. There have been presidents, authors, and endless other notable individuals in American that can follow their family line to Ireland. A great many people in America comprehend and grasp the commitments that the Irish individuals have had on the multicultural development of America.

The Importance of Loss Prevention, and Security within Businesses Essay

The Importance of Loss Prevention, and Security inside Businesses - Essay Example From my soonest association in misfortune counteraction and security it held an uncommon enthusiasm for me. To a limited extent this was because of how intently it lined up with the qualities that I had grown up with, and partially I was interested by the degree of detail and perception that was required. Burglary is a significant issue in any industry or setting, for example, inside emergency clinics, bars, schools, retail or assembling. As an outcome of this the field of misfortune avoidance has created and has gotten significant in pretty much every setting. Since starting my position, best case scenario Buy I have taken in a great deal about the job that misfortune anticipation plays in retail, just as techniques for being viable in my job. I am as of now the chief of the Security and Loss Prevention office, best case scenario Buy. This job has furnished me with numerous chances and difficulties and it has permitted me to comprehend the difficulties that are related with security just as its significance. I have additionally had the chance to do a mid year temporary position at a County Prosecutors Office and to work low maintenance for them following the entry level position. This allowed me to see the police in real life and to see a portion of the procedure that happens. This article will analyze a portion of the ideas that I have learned in my job Loss is a significant part of any business. The term alludes to the loss of benefits because of a wide scope of circumstances, for example, credit extortion, shoplifting, inside burglary, or bundle robbery where a few or the entirety of the substance of a bundle are taken yet not simply the bundle. Bundle robbery can allude to taking the substance of the bundle inside the store, or progressively sorted out, more extensive applications, for example, taking little bundles from transportation holders. Along these lines, inside any retail location security is critical as a strategy to limit misfortune through this implies. Various organizations utilize various techniques and methodologies of moving toward this, and there is no single, general strategy for looking after security. This is on the grounds that security can be broken in various manners, most remarkably through credit misrepresentation, corporate defilement, and through burglary. Robbery can happen in various manners and can be the outcome of activities of either staff or clients. As such it is critical to have sufficient proportions of security set up and to guarantee that these stay working at their full usefulness. Two significant pieces of misfortune anticipation are staying away from misfortune that happens from clients through robbery and decietful conduct just as inward misfortune from staff and those that approach business data. The two types of misfortune are significant, and as an outcome security is significant for the working of any business. This article will look at the utilization of physical security, security acti vities plans and inner examinations as methods for recognizing and directing burglary and misrepresentation. Explicit instances of sorts of burglary will be analyzed, just as a case of how security is overseen in a huge business firm. Misfortunes in retail add to noteworthy declines in the benefit a store can make. Burglary assumes a noteworthy job in this, with $107.3 billion lost all inclusive in 2010 because of robbery . The National Retail Security Survey in 2009 detailed that a normal of 1.44% of all deals across the nation are lost as an outcome of shrinkage . The term shrinkage alludes to the measure of items that are lost between the purpose of procurement or produce, and the retail location. This misfortune happens in various manners, for example, through harmed items and lost things. Senior supervisors and those in power take a gander at numerous methods of decreasing shrinkage everything being equal. In 2008, around 35% of this shrinkage was credited to shoplifting, while 44% was ascribed to robbery by workers .

Sound In Poetry Essays - Poetic Rhythm, Alliteration

Sound In Poetry Sonnets as a rule start with words or expression which request more on account of their sound than their importance, and the development and expressing of a sonnet. Each sonnet has a surface of sound, which is at any rate as significant as the importance behind the sonnet. Musicality, being the normal repeat of sound, is at the core of all characteristic wonders: the thumping of a heart, the lapping of waves against the shore, the croaking of frogs on a late spring's night, the murmur of wheat influencing in the breeze. Musicality and sound and course of action ?the conventional properties of words?allow the artist to get past, or underneath the outside of a sonnet. Both Gwendolyn Brooks' ?Sadie and Maud? (799) and Anne Bradstreet's ?To My Dear and Loving Husband? (784) underline graceful sound to communicate their topics. Used to improve sound in a sonnet, similar sounding word usage is the redundancy of sound in sequential or neighboring words, for the most part toward the start of words. The two Brooks what's more, Bradstreet utilize similar sounding word usage in their sonnets. ?Sadie remained at home. /Sadie scratched life (2-3) the reiteration of s is apparent in these two lines, mirroring the cheekiness and autonomy that Sadie had. ?At that point while we live, enamored lets [persevere]? (11) the moderate melodic reiteration of the l sounds mirror the sentimental accentuation in the sonnet. Assonance?the redundancy of the equivalent or comparable vowel sound, particularly in pushed syllables?can likewise improve a sonnet. Sound similarity can be utilized to bind together a sonnet as in Bradstreet's sonnet wherein it underlines the topical association among words also, binds together the sonnet's thoughts of the couple getting one. ?Analyze with me ye lady in the event that you can? (4). In Brook's sonnet, rehashed vowel sounds reach out all through. Creeks in a roundabout way interfaces certain words and by associating these words, she points out the symbolism that conveys the sonnets topic of how extraordinary two individuals who experienced childhood in a similar family unit can be. ?Under her last name by birth/Maud and Ma and Papa (10-11). Notwithstanding similar sounding word usage what's more, sound similarity, writers make sound examples with rhyme. The customary method to portray a sonnet's rhyme conspire is to outline rhyming words that show up at the parts of the bargains. In Brooks' sonnet the rhyme plot is abcb, defe which strengthens the manner in which two things can start the equivalent, yet change over the long haul. Normally, rhyme doesn't need to be unpretentious to enhance a sonnet. An undeniable rhyme conspire like the one in Bradstreet's sonnet is aabb, ccdd can convey significance by driving consideration on a connection between two individuals that are not ordinarily connected. The sonnet's subject talks about the couple getting one, the sonnet's rhyme plot is of two back to back lines having a place together and having one sound. Rhyme can likewise be arranged by the situation of the rhyming syllables in a line of refrain. Bradstreet's sonnet contains starting rhyme, Brooks' sonnet, then again, contains just end rhyme. ?I prize thy love more than entire mines of gold/My adoration is to such an extent that streams can't extinguish/Thy love is such I can not the slightest bit repay?(5, 7, 9). ?Her young ladies struck out from home/Her fine-tooth brush? (14, 16). Writers, as well, make rhyme by utilizing rehashed words what's more, phrases. ?Sadie scratched life/with the utmost attention to detail? (3-4) and ?Sadie had left as legacy/her fine-tooth brush? (15-16). The rehashed phrases ?Sadie? also, ?Maud?, which move from one subject to the next also, back once more ?Maud attended a university/Sadie remained at home? (1-2). The sonnet has a singing musicality that looks like a melody that youngsters play to. The recognition of lighthearted youth unexpectedly stands out from the adulthood that both Sadie and Maud now face as they grow up: Sadie remains at home and has two youngsters without any father present; Maud sets off for college and winds up ?a slim earthy colored mouse?. Rehashed states in Bradstreet's sonnet incorporate ?if at any time? what's more, ?love?. ?If at any time two were one then definitely we. /If ever man were adored by spouse then thee? (1-2). ?My Love is with the end goal that streams can't extinguish,/Nor should however adore from the give recompence? (9-10). With such repeat, the sonnet resembles a moderate sentimental melody and the rehashed words are its cadence. Meter, the example of focused and unstressed syllables that administer a sonnet's lines, to a great extent makes beautiful cadence. This gives perusers the ?beat? of the sonnet and approximates the sound of communicated in language. The meter of Bradstreet's sonnet is poetic pattern and it is obvious all through the sonnet. It contributes

New Semester, New Habits

New Semester, New Habits You know that burst of motivation that you have on the first day of class? That feeling that this will be the semester you get straight As and never skip a day of class? Lets be real, that usually lasts for a few weeks, and then we fall back into our same habits. So, this semester, or from now until graduation for you current high school seniors, I have a proposition: keep the winter motivation strong. Gif from Giphy.com The truth is that this can  be your semester of change. Breaking old habits isnt easy, as we know, but it is certainly doable. The truth lies in a few simple choices: how do you spend your free time, and how are your study habits? If you spend your free time binge-watching Orange is the New Black, odds are your grades wont be as high as youd like. But the good news is that there is a simple solution: Finish your homework before enjoying free time. For me, that meant coming home from school and lacrosse practice and doing my homework right after I ate dinner. I was re-energized from my meal, and I would then reward myself with a few hours of TV before bed. If your grades arent as good as youd like and you are spending a decent amount of time focusing on your academics, then your study habits need to change, too. While good studying looks different for everyone (because we all learn differently), here are a few good tricks to get started. All in all, you are the main factor in your grades, and good grades come with a true dedication to the material. Put academics first, and you will achieve great things. Rachel Class of 2020 I am studying Middle Grades Education with concentrations in Social Sciences and Literacy in the College of Education. Although I now reside in Champaign, I am originally from Vernon Hills, a Northwest suburb of Chicago.

Criminology Studies In Society Research Assignment - 825 Words

Criminology Studies In Society Research Assignment (Essay Sample) Content: CRIMINOLOGY STUDIES IN SOCIETYNAME:INSTITUTION:COURSE:CRIMINOLOGY STUDIES IN SOCIETYIntroductionThe creation and evolution of law throughout the history of mankind have been influential in regulating and promoting social behavior. Criminal law is one set of law that includes substantive criminal law and procedural criminal law. Substantive criminal law determines behaviors that the society considers harmful, brands the actions as crimes and stipulates their punishments. On the other hand procedural laws stipulate how crimes are to be investigated and prosecuted.For the most part the creation of criminal law today involves the revision or expansion of existing laws that reflect the changes in society.Early Codification of LawThe Hammurabi Code is one of the primary legal codes in western society- it dates back to the eighteenth century. The laws established in this code were credited to divine guidance and did not differentiate between religious and secular interests i n regulating behavior. The code stressed that the law should be fair in substance and process.Roman LawThe law of the Twelve Tables that began around 450 B.C was secular ("History of Crimes from Common Law to Codes", 2017). It codified the rights, duties and expectations of the citizens. The Romans distinguished between positive law and natural law. The legal codes that governed citizens and foreigners as formalized by the State founded on reason formed the positive laws. Natural law was viewed as having been created by a deity and was a reflection of the principles and rules that bind behavior. Both positive and natural law existed together in the Roman society and neither was deemed superior.Common LawThe early legal codes established the groundwork for the formalizing principles and customs into law. However it was the English common law that herald the development of criminal law. When Henry II tried to impose Norman values on the conquered Anglo-Saxons, he introduced a centrali zed system of courts by appointing judges. The judges met diverse customs that mostly conflicted with each other and with the new laws introduced by the King. This necessitated the rise of common law that permitted the judges to determine which actions constituted crimes and what punishment could be meted when they were violated. This established the tradition of common law that was used by the entire nation.Stare decisis which means to stand by the decisions was one of the most important notions functioning in common law. The doctrine of precedent as it was known allows courts to apply and interpret laws according to previous decisions. When encountered by a case that was similar to a previous one, the judges were required to interpret the law in the same manner as the precedent.Since common law had little centralized planning, it existed as a compilation of recordings of previous cases over the years. The signing of the Magna Carta in 1215 led to the first set of statutory laws. D uring the sixteenth century the English parliament began enacting legislation which shifted the countrys legal system from common law to codified statutory law.Sources of American Criminal LawCriminal law in the United States emerged from the English common law during the colonial era. Although most of the common law was integrated into Americas legal codes, the citizens viewed it as inadequate for their new nation. They were afraid of the fact that if judges were to be the sole source of determining which wrong actions were criminal, then they would be subject to judicial arbitrariness. The early citizens chose a codified system of law that provided uniformity, predictability and standardization. This led to the States and the federal government to formalize law by establishing statutes and drawing upon other sources which included administrative rules, case law and the States and...

The Reasons For The English Settlers Leaving Great Britain

The main reason for the English settlers leaving Great Britain was for the people to have more religious freedoms. Some of the colonist also did it for wealth, for some it wasn’t free to travel and get a new start on the other side of the world isolated from what they are accustomed to. There are always different reasons from a person to family as to why they came to America but for the part it was to be able to freely practice religion the way the colonists wanted to. In the meanwhile the colonist when coming into contact with the natives considered them savages and needed to be converted to a true religion, the right one, Protestantism. Even the romanticized Captain John Smith believed that Powhatan and the natives were savages, when the natives clearly stated they were fearful as to what would happen to them. Coming to the new world the colonists were extremely unprepared for the dead of winter and many had died but they had a strong reliance on the Native Americans to help , unfortunately later on quite a few colonies double crossed them and killed a lot of the Native American tribes. The English was able to take land because the Native Americans had no concept of property, they believed it was given to everyone. Of course not every colony was the same and the way they treated the land, for example people in the Chesapeake had warmer climates and more fertile soil to offer for farming whereas in New England the soil was rocky and slightly colder climates which made itShow MoreRelatedPre Colonial And Colonial Settlements Essay1679 Words   |  7 PagesWorld came to escape religious persecution. The Pilgrims, founders of Plymouth, Massachusetts, arrived in 1620.† (Colonial America, n.d.) 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The Roanoke settlement was located on an island on the northern coast of what is now North Carolina. A few more than a hundred English men first settled the colony at Roanoke Island in 1584. The conditions were harsh and between the lack of supplies and theRead MoreWas The Second War For Independence?1199 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the last few years of Thomas J efferson’s presidency, he was surrounded by conflict. Britain and France had been at war for several years. During the battle of Trafalgar, in 1803, Britain destroyed what was left of the French navy. Napoleon took steps to attack British trade. â€Å"The result was called the Continental System, designed to close the European continent to British trade† (Brinkley, 171). Britain had established a blockade requiring cargo being delivered to Napoleon’s Europe be aboardRead MoreThe Social Political Ramifications Of Immigration1562 Words   |  7 Pagesthe act of leaving one’s own country in order to settle permanently in another. Reasons for emigration are diverse. Some seek to escape a nation locked in the violence and horrors of war, while others seek career opportunities to escape poverty, or to enjoy basic human rights of freedom. Choice of immigration destination also varies. Depending on preference and need, some choose to take residence in the center of a major city, hiding in the heart of the swarm of immigrants and settlers, while othersRead MoreThe First Successful Settlement Of The United States1959 Words   |  8 Pagesnear to what they are today. Jamestown was founded in the year 1607 and was the first successful settlement in America. Due to its success many more settlers came to America from Great Britain. Jamestown taught settlers what was needed to be a successful settlement which then caused more and more growth in America. It was an example for other settlers to use and create other settlements and caused states to be created and for population to grow, which is a big factor in all of history and today withoutRead MoreManifest Destiny, By John O Sullivan1277 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Manifest Destiny† was coined in 1845 by John O’Sullivan a democrat leader and the editor of â€Å"The Morning Post†. It was a concept going back to when the pilgrim fathers landed at Plymouth Rock. From the very first settlements in America the pilgrims, the settlers at Jamestown and all along the eastern seaboard, they began expanding little by little into the interior. Certainly, from the 18th century Americans ha d come to believe that is was their right, and in fact their duty to bring Christianity and republicanismRead MoreThe Methods Of The American Revolution3308 Words   |  14 PagesDid the colonists rebel in a justice form or was Great Britain taking advantage of them? Did the methods they used like the Boston Tea Party and Boston Massacre proper? Was Great Britain right not to include colonists to represent in Parliament? Was it right for Great Britain to tax the colonists or were the colonists right to revolt? The leading events toward the American Revolution started when the colonist objected paying taxes to Great Britain. They felt it violated their rights as British peopleRead MoreThe Methods Of The American Revolution3308 Words   |  14 PagesDid the colonists rebel in a justice form or was Great Britain taking advantage of them? Did the methods they used like the Boston Tea Party and Boston Massacre proper? Was Great Britain right not to include colonists to represent in P arliament? Was it right for Great Britain to tax the colonists or were the colonists right to revolt? The leading events toward the American Revolution started when the colonist objected paying taxes to Great Britain. They felt it violated their rights as British people

Definitions and Discussions of Medieval Rhetoric

The expression medieval rhetoric refers to the  study and practice of rhetoric from approximately A.D. 400 (with the publication of St. Augustines On Christian Doctrine) to 1400. During the Middle Ages, two of the most influential works from the classical period were Ciceros De Inventione (On Invention) and the anonymous Rhetorica ad Herennium (the oldest complete Latin textbook on rhetoric). Aristotles Rhetoric and Ciceros De Oratore werent rediscovered by scholars until late in the medieval period. Nonetheless, says Thomas Conley, medieval rhetoric was  far more than a mere transmission of mummified traditions that were poorly understood by those who transmitted them. The Middle Ages are often represented as stagnant and backward . . ., [but] such a representation fails dismally to do justice to the intellectual complexity and sophistication of medieval rhetorics (Rhetoric in the European Tradition, 1990). Periods of Western Rhetoric Classical RhetoricMedieval RhetoricRenaissance RhetoricEnlightenment RhetoricNineteenth-Century RhetoricNew Rhetoric(s) Examples and Observations It was Ciceros youthful, schematic (and incomplete) treatise De inventione, and not any one of his mature and synthetic theoretical works (or the even fuller account in Quintilians Institutio oratoria) that became the shaping influence on so much medieval rhetorical teaching. . . . Both the De inventione and the Ad Herennium proved to be excellent, coherent teaching texts. Between them they conveyed complete and concise information about the parts of rhetoric, topical invention, status theory (the issues upon which the case rests), attributes of the person and the act, the parts of a speech, the genres of rhetoric, and stylistic ornamentation. . . . Oratory, as Cicero had known and defined it, had declined steadily during the years of the [Roman] empire under political conditions that did not encourage the forensic and judicial oratory of earlier periods. But rhetorical teaching survived through late antiquity and into the Middle Ages because of its intellectual and cultural prestige , and in the course of its survival it took on other forms and found many other purposes.(Rita Copeland, Medieval Rhetoric. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric, ed. by Thomas O. Sloane. Oxford University Press, 2001) Applications of Rhetoric in the Middle Ages In application, the art of rhetoric contributed during the period from the fourth to the fourteenth century not only to the methods of speaking and writing well, of composing letters and petitions, sermons and prayers, legal documents and briefs, poetry and prose, but to the canons of interpreting laws and scripture, to the dialectical devices of discovery and proof, to the establishment of the scholastic method which was to come into universal use in philosophy and theology, and finally to the formulation of scientific inquiry which was to separate philosophy from theology.(Richard McKeon, Rhetoric in the Middle Ages. Speculum, January 1942) The Decline of Classical Rhetoric and the Emergence of Medieval Rhetoric There is no single point when classical civilization ends and the Middle Ages begins, nor when the history of classical rhetoric ends. Beginning in the fifth century after Christ in the West and in the sixth century in the East, there was a deterioration of the conditions of civic life that had created and sustained the study and uses of rhetoric throughout antiquity in courts of law and deliberative assemblies. Schools of rhetoric continued to exist, more in the East than in the West, but they were fewer and were only partially replaced by study of rhetoric in some monasteries. The acceptance of classical rhetoric by such influential Christians as Gregory of Nazianzus and Augustine in the fourth century significantly contributed to continuation of the tradition, though the functions of the study of rhetoric in the Church were transferred from preparation for public address in law courts and assemblies to knowledge useful in interpreting the Bible, in preaching, and in ecclesiastical disputation. (George A. Kennedy, A New History of Classical Rhetoric. Princeton University Press, 1994) A Diverse History [A]s the history of medieval rhetoric and grammar reveal with special clarity, all the significant original works on discourse which appear in Europe after Rabanus Maurus [c. 780-856] are merely highly selective adaptations of the old bodies of doctrine. The classical texts continue to be copied, but new treatises tend to appropriate for their purposes only those parts of the old lore which are of use to the one art. Thus it is that the medieval arts of discourse have a diverse rather than a unified history. The writers of letters select certain rhetorical doctrines, the preachers of sermons still others . . .. As one modern scholar [Richard McKeon] has said in relation to rhetoric, in terms of a single subject matter--such as style, literature, discourse--it has no history during the middle ages. (James J. Murphy, Rhetoric in the Middle Ages: A History of Rhetorical Theory from St. Augustine to the Renaissance. University of California Press, 1974) Three Rhetorical Genres [James J.] Murphy [see above] outlined the development of three unique rhetorical genres: ars praedicandi, ars dictaminis, and ars poetriae. Each addressed a specific concern of the era; each applied rhetorical precepts to a situational need. Ars praedicandi provided a method for developing sermons. Ars dictaminis developed precepts for letter writing. Ars poetriae suggested guidelines for composing prose and poetry. Murphys important work provided the context for smaller, more focused studies of medieval rhetoric.(William M. Purcell, Ars Poetriae: Rhetorical and Grammatical Invention at the Margin of Literacy. University of South Carolina Press, 1996) The Ciceronian Tradition Conventional medieval rhetoric promotes highly formalized, formulaic, and ceremoniously institutionalized forms of discourse. The major source of this static richness is Cicero, the magister eloquentiae, known primarily through the many translations of De inventione. Because medieval rhetoric is so extensively committed to Ciceronian patterns of amplification (dilatio) through the flowers, or colores, of figured speaking that decorate (ornare) the composition, it often appears to be a ponderous extension of the sophistic tradition in a moralistic framework. (Peter Auski, Christian Plain Style: The Evolution of a Spiritual Ideal. McGill-Queens Press, 1995) A Rhetoric of Forms and Formats Medieval rhetoric . . . became, in at least some of its manifestations, a rhetoric of forms and formats. . . . Medieval rhetoric added to ancient systems its own generic rules, which were necessary because documents themselves had come to stand in for the people as well as for the Word that they meant to convey. By following articulated patterns for greeting, informing, and taking leave of the now-distant and temporarily removed audience, the letter, sermon, or saints life acquired typical (typological) forms.(Susan Miller, Rescuing the Subject: A Critical Introduction to Rhetoric and the Writer. Southern Illinois University Press, 1989) Christian Adaptations of Roman Rhetoric Rhetorical studies traveled with the Romans, but educational practices were not enough to keep rhetoric flourishing. Christianity served to validate and invigorate pagan rhetoric by adapting it to religious ends. Around AD 400, St. Augustine of Hippo wrote De doctrina Christiana (On Christian Doctrine), perhaps the most influential book of its time, for he demonstrated how to take the gold out of Egypt to fortify what would become the Christian rhetorical practices of teaching, preaching, and moving (2.40.60). The medieval rhetorical tradition, then, evolved within the dual influences of Greco-Roman and Christian belief systems and cultures. Rhetoric was also, of course, informed by the gendered dynamics of medieval English society that isolated nearly everyone from intellectual and rhetorical activities. Medieval culture was wholly and decidedly masculine, yet most men, just like all women, were condemned to class-bound silence. The written word was controlled by clergy, the men of the cloth and the Church, who controlled the flow of knowledge for all men and women. (Cheryl Glenn, Rhetoric Retold: Regendering the Tradition from Antiquity Through the Renaissance. Southern Illinois University Press, 1997)

Personal Narrative I Quit Smoking Essay - 664 Words

Personal Narrative I Quit Smoking Everyone was starting to notice that I had a problem. My wife would ask, Are you O.K.? as I hacked and coughed every morning. My friends would joke about how I would run short of breath just from walking to the car. My wallet was really talking to me! Somehow I managed to lose five or six dollars a day somewhere between home and the convenience store. But the only voice I would heed had to come from within myself. Finally one day it did. I had been debating quitting smoking for the last few months. I would get very angry every time I went out to buy cigarettes because the prices seemed to change weekly. Every week there was a new tobacco settlement, and a new price hike. The victims of†¦show more content†¦If I could smoke in a restaurant, Id be forced to sit in the back with all the other social misfits. I felt guilty making my wife join me in exile. She would complain about someone blowing their smoke at her and Id switch seats with her. At work I had to walk downstairs, through the lobby, and outside into the parking lot to have my precious cigarette. Id stand outside like a fool in the pouring rain while my non-smoking co-workers sat in the air conditioned cafeteria and enjoyed coffee and snacks. I would always opt for the cigarette because I didnt have time to do both. Finally I had enough. After hearing of a co-workers success with hypnosis, I decided to make an appointment for hypnotherapy. She was so convinced and gave such a glowing report of the whole process that I was too intrigued not to go. I arrived for my appointment at 1pm sharp and spent about an hour talking with the hypnotherapist about the different rules of hypnosis. He wanted me to fully understand what was going to happen, and more importantly, what couldnt happen. He explained to me how hypnosis was just a way of communicating with the sub conscious mind. We talked about being truthful about what I wanted to accomplish, and the fact that I had to truly want to stop smoking forever. Once he was convinced that I was serious about wanting to quit, we went ahead with the hypnosis. We talked about how a persons moral and ethical valuesShow MoreRelatedAnti Tobacco Advertisements And Effects On Quitting Behavior : Results From The California Smokers Cohort940 Words   |  4 Pagestry to research if anti-tobacco television advertisements with personal message can be recall by the person and have a greater impact on smoking cessation. The authors felt that this was an important topic to study because they were concern about the dangers of smoking tobacco. According to Leas et al. (2015) â€Å"Nondaily smoking and second-hand smoke exposure can lead to the same negative health consequences that result from daily smoking†(p.90). As a result, the authors engage in a cohort study whereRead MoreA Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, by Mary Rowlandson1483 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson† by Mary Rowlandson is a short history about her personal experience in captivity among th e Wampanoag Indian tribe. On the one hand, Mary Rowlandson endures many hardships and derogatory encounters. However, she manages to show her superior status to everyone around her. She clearly shows how her time spent under captivity frequently correlates with the lessons taught in the Bible. Even though, the colonists possibly murderedRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Morgellons Syndrome Essay1763 Words   |  8 Pagesemotional frustration for not being believed their disease is real - both by doctors and by those closest to them. Anyone can join the forum and access is free. It is also a safe space for sufferers to let off steam and the overwhelming amount of comments I read in response to blog posts were supportive. One of the most salient themes on the forum is that of exasperation. People who identify as having Morgellons are sick of not being believed, especially as this lack of belief does not provide them withRead MoreThe Exchange Of Religion And Ideas1908 Words   |  8 Pagesworship of false gods. You should not pray to your ancestors; pray only to God. As with several apostolic interpretations of â€Å"traditional† religious practice, this one is rejected by the people it is meant to describe... For many Shona-speaking people, as I have noted, ancestors are an integral part of social relationships, and they can often intervene (for better or for worse) in daily life.† (Engelke, 191). 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(632-638) Here Beowulf declared his determinationRead MoreGeriatric Assessment7902 Words   |  32 Pagesgeriatric providers may choose to assess: †¢ Current symptoms and illnesses and their functional impact. †¢ Current medications, their indications and effects. †¢ Relevant past illnesses. †¢ Recent and impending life changes. †¢ Objective measure of overall personal and social functionality. †¢ Current and future living environment and its appropriateness to function and prognosis. †¢ Family situation and availability. †¢ Current caregiver network including its deficiencies and potential. †¢ Objective measure ofRead MoreAn Inconvenient Truth : Al Gore Essay4053 Words   |  17 Pagespresentation to many interested audiences. An Inconvenient Truth, a first-person narrative filled with personal stories and motivations opens with a calm, serene riverbank montage surrounded by trees and wildlife, which is repeated throughout the film. This opening scene is accompanied by the same soundtrack each time, as are the scenes relating to Gore’s personal life. The song works to initiate a connection, both personal and emotional when played in the background. In this case, forms of visual andRead MoreTreatment with Effective Interventions3273 Words   |  14 Pagesfree of tantrums/explosive episodes ââ€" ª Learn two positive anger management skills ââ€" ª Learn three ways to communicate verbally when angry ââ€" ª Be able to express anger in a productive manner without destroying property or personal belongings ââ€" ª Be able to express anger without yelling and using foul language ââ€" ª Explore and resolve conflict with ____ (list triggers) ââ€" ª Get through an entire day without an angry mood swing (or breaking/punching†¦) Read MoreEvidence Based Practice Essay6286 Words   |  26 PagesPopulation • Age Ââ€" have to narrow question; • Gender • Ethnicity • Those with certain disorders Intervention • Exposure to disease • Prognostic factor • Risk behavior (e.g., smoking) Comparison • No disease vs having a disease • Placebo or no intervention / therapy • Absence of risk factor (e.g., non-smoking) Outcome • Related to risk of disease • The accuracy of diagnosis • Rate of occurrence of adverse outcome (e.g., death) Question Templates for Asking PICO Questions Ââ€" 6 types Read MoreEssay about Samuel Clemens in Buffalo: A Woman and an Artist6035 Words   |  25 Pagesresident for the past twenty years, I was also only vaguely aware that Clemens passed through until Dr. Walter Sharrow of the Canisius College History Department mentioned his local stay. The suggestion that America’s best satirist lived in Buffalo—a location that could provide a contemporary wit with a wide range of material—tickled my historical sensibilities. Nearly immediately, I began to speculate why America’s most famous writer would migrate to Buffalo. After I discarded my first ideas—the weather

Liar And The Movie Liar Jekyll And Audrey Have Been...

Liar, Liar Divorce Evaluation In the movie Liar Liar Fletcher and Audrey have been divorced for no more than a couple years. This movie portrays the process of how the family deals with splitting time with their son, Max, and the influence of new relationships. Audrey seems to have full custody of their son Max. While Fletcher is a workaholic lawyer who can never seem to make time for Max. Fletcher has a common fault of telling Max he will do something or be somewhere and then cancel after Max had already been waiting. Audrey has a semiserious relationship with Jerry, however Jerry is moving to Boston for his job. Audrey and Jerry have been dating for some time and in order to not lose their relationship Jerry proposed to Audrey. She was hesitant but accepted. Since Jerry had formed a friendship with Max by playing catch together and Fletcher could not spend time with Max while they were together. Audrey decided moving to Boston and making a new life with Jerry would be best. Fletcher is jealous of Max and Jerryà ¢â‚¬â„¢s relationship, but still cannot seem to put Max before his work. Fletcher even missed Max’s fifth birthday party. During Max’s birthday party he made a wish that Fletcher could not lie for a whole day. This event made Fletcher realize what a terrible father he was. While Fletcher was having an epiphany moment his family was boarding a plane to move to Boston and live with Jerry. Fletcher rushed to meet them before the left. He caused a big commotion and their

Scripts Free Essays

Before Introduction Good evening ladies gentlemen. As event will be beginning shortly, may we invite everyone to kindly take your seats. Thank you. We will write a custom essay sample on Scripts or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction Good evening [_____________, ____________] ladies and gentlemen. I’m ___________ and I’m __________ we will be your emcees for this evening. On behalf of Linglingay Association, we would like to thank each and every one of you for taking the time to grace this blissful occasion. So relax and enjoy the rest of the evening. Opening prayerBefore we start, may I call on _____________ for the opening prayer. Pambansang AwitPlease remain standing for the singing of Pambansang Awit to be lead by __________________. Marching of Officers Before anything else, we would like to acknowledge the key persons who took a great part of this joyous affair. Ladies and gentlemen, it is with great pleasure to introduce to you the Linglingay Association’s officers. Let’s start off. Please make a stand and march as your name is called. So there you have it ladies and gentlemen, our most distinguished set of Linglingays Association’s officers. Let us once again give them a big round of applause. Message of the PresidentAnd now let’s welcome the Linglingay Association’s Chairperson. Let us give her a big hand for a job well done. Intoduction of Guest Speaker 1Without further ado, we would like to warmly welcome ___________. Sir/ Madam, thank you so much for your support. Speaker 2May I have your attention please, as we welcome _______________. Thank you sir/ Madam for gracing this occasion. Speaker 3Also with us here tonight and it is with great pleasure to have our guest speaker _________. Thank you _______________ for going out of your way to be with us. Speaker 4And now, we are truly happy to have here with us the ______________________ Thank you ___________ for sparing your precious time with us. Speaker 5For our next speaker, Friends lets give a big hand to ______________. Thank you Ma’am, it’s our pleasure to have you with us. Dance numbersAnd now, the moment we have all been waiting for, presenting to you the __________________ for their dance presentation. Thank you for that gracious presentation. Now, May we bring your attention to the dance floor as we welcome ____________________. Asking officials or guest to dance on floorNow may we invite ____________ to be on floor to show his/their talent/s in dancing. Sir the floor is yours. Food In just a few moments ladies and gentlemen food will be served. Enjoy! Ladies gentlemen, we hope you have been enjoying your food so far. Closing remarksMay we now call on _____________, for tha closing message. With that, on behalf of Linglingay Association, we would like to once again hank everyone for gracing this occasion. We hope that you have enjoyed the celebration as much as we have enjoyed hosting it to you. We wish a flourishing new year ahead of everyone. Thank you. Others Welcome scriptsWe would like to acknowledge the arrival of _____________. Welcome and Thank you for sharing your time with us. We would like to recognize the arrival of _____________. Thank you for coming sir. We would like to acknowledge the presence of ________ __. Thank you sir,and Welcome to the Linglingay’s Association New year’s ball. Thank youAgain Thank you for your participation, you may now return to your seats. Sir, Madam, Thank you so much for your generosity. Additional scriptsSo I guess that’s about it. I hope I did not miss out anyone. If I did, please be so kind to remind me. There you have it ladies and gentlemen. Holidays like Christmas and New Year bring families together. It refreshes the family ties and friendship that have gone out of date and almost forgotten against the toll of time and distance. Goodbye message to speakersThank you for being with us tonight, sir _________. Have a safe trip! Thank you for sharing your precious time sir ________. Happy new year and have a safe trip. Thank you for gracing this occasion ___________. May you have a safe trip! Welcome the associations and give their names to the emcee (get their representatives for pageants and boy pick up): Message booth: Food for the associations: For the guest speakers: Food for the judges: Game: Trip to JerusalemMs. Gay Linglingay Boy pick upGame ka na ba? (10 per association) Mr. and Miss LinglingayBalloons Disco king and queen Bingo How to cite Scripts, Papers

Population Growth and Economic Development

Questions: Discuss about the Mathematical Modelling and Mathematical Investigation. Answers: Introduction: In this report, the population growth in the country Australia is being studied. Australia is a country having a medium density of population. The growth rate of the population of Australia is 1.8 percent per year which is quite high. The main objective of this report is to analyze the growth rate of population of the country Australia and the problem of homelessness of the country (Coale Hoover, 2015). A mathematical model will be build in this assignment in order to understand the relationship between the rate of growth of the population and the rate of growth of homelessness of the people of the country. The report gives the necessary information about data collection, formation of the mathematical equation and drawing of conclusion from the results of subsequent analysis. The report will give a clear idea about the growing population of the country and the problem of homelessness in the country (Toloo et al., 2015). Outline of the Context: The population of a country increases every year due to a lot of factors. The increase in the population of the country may occur due to high rate of birth, low death rate. When the birth rate is comparatively higher than the death rate, the crude birth rate or the crude rate of natural increase (CRNI) increases. A very high value in the crude birth rate or crude rate of natural increase will explain that the population of the country is increasing at an alarming rate. There are also other factors affecting the population growth like the problem of immigration and migration. The term immigration refers to the migration of the people of the country one place to another. This event of migration makes a very high change in the population of the country (Birrell, 2014). The population statistics of Australia has to be analyzed in this case. The population statistics of Australia states that the population of the country has increased by 1.4% at the end of the year 2014. The increase of the population figures at the end of the year 2016 is 2.6% while the increase in the population figures at the end of the year 2016 is 3.0%. The migration figures are gradually increasing over the years. The average growth of population over the years is 1.48%. This indicates the [population of the country is growing. The growth of the population of the country can be studied with the help of the following graph (Wilson, 2015). Figure: Population growth o the country Source: (Abs.gov.au, 2017) Mathematical Modeling of Population Growth: Te main objective of the project is to study the growth of population of the country Australia. The population growth curve is supposed to follow an exponential distribution. This means that the population of the country can be expected to increase in an exponential manner. In order to study the growth of population of the country, one needs to understand the factors that are the main reasons of growth of the country. There are two main reasons for growth of the population: 1. Natural increase: The natural increase is the difference between the birth and the death rate of the population. The higher the difference between the birth and the death rate, the more is the increase in the population. A negative value of the measure indicates that the population of the country is decreasing while a positive value will indicate that the population of the country is increasing (Williams, 2013). 2. Net overseas migration: The overseas migration refers to the migration that takes place all over the country. The net overseas migration includes both the long term staying of the people as well as staying for a brief period of 12 to 16 months. The graph has been obtained for the growth of population over the years in Australia starting from the year 2010 to the year 2015. The graph shows that there has been an increase in the population from the year 2010 to the year 2012 and the decrease in the population after that period of time. A regression equation has been fitted by taking the two factors that is rate of growth of population and the migration factors as two different variables. The regression equation is given below: Y = 14816082 -3659705* rate of growth + 29.52736*migration rate. The population figures can be forecasted using the above model. Mathematical Investigation: Outline of the Topic: The homelessness is one of the major problems in Australia. The person who sleeps in the streets and does not has any roof or shelter is considered homeless in general. The homelessness can be defined in a broader sense (Payne, Macgregor McDonald, 2015). There are people who dwell in their friend houses on a temporary basis are also considered homeless. The people who live in caravans or in overcrowded places such as boarding houses are also considered homeless (Chamberlain, Johnson Robinson, 2014). The homeless population of the country is growing at an alarming rate. The woman, children and aged persons mostly becomes homeless in Australia. The homeless people of the country are mainly found in the cities of Sydney, Perth, Melbourne and Brisbane. The homeless people do not get have any permanent houses to live in (Wright, 2014). The homelessness in the country is accompanied with the poverty of the country as well. The homeless people also do not have any safety and security of t heir lives. According to 2011 census statistics, approximately 105,237 people of the country are experiencing this problem of homelessness. This means that approximately 1 in 200 people of the country Australia are homeless (Wallace et al., 2014). The figure has been increased by 17% from the census of 2006 population. There are six main categories of the people who are becoming homeless. The person, who dwells in improvised tents and other settlement areas, overcrowded lodging places, people staying with other families falls under the homeless categories (Zufferey Chung, 2015). Among the estimate of the number of people who are becoming homeless, about 56 percent of the population is male and the remaining 44 percent are females. The Government has taken a lot of initiative to eradicate this problem of homelessness. The Government has raised funds for this homeless people and tried to build shelter for the homeless people (Cebulla, 2016). Homeless Statistics: The homeless statistical figures state that there are will be 105000. The following pie diagram has been drawn by taking the rate of homelessness of the people of the country. There are six main reasons of homelessness as has been pointed out by the figure. The majority of the persons who are homeless dwell in the places that are overcrowded. There are a few main reasons of homelessness. The reasons for homelessness includes poverty, unemployment, lack of proper domestic houses, poor physical health, drug and alcohol consumption, gambling, domestic violence and others. All this reasons for homelessness needs to be investigated for the cause of homelessness in Australia. However, the domestic violence, mental illness and family instability can be considered as a reason of drug and alcohol uses of the people. Figure: Pie diagram showing reasons for homelessness (Source: Created by author) The following table gives the bar diagram of the peoples who are homeless according to age. Figure: Bar diagram of homeless peoples (Source: Created by author) The above bar diagram has been constructed by classifying the homeless people according to their respective ages. The blue bars represent the homeless people in the year 2001; the red diagram the homeless people in the year 2006 and the green diagram represent the persons in the year 2011. The population in the year 2011 has been increased to a great extent. Therefore, the number of homeless people in the country is increasing over the years. Data Collection and Analysis: The analysis of the homelessness people in Australia needs to be carried out. In order to carry out the analysis, data regarding several variables needs to be calculated. The data needs to be collected about the number of homeless people, the total population of homeless people and others. A dataset of about five to ten years needs to be collected. The analysis of the patterns of the data will make one understand the growing cases o homeless population in the country. As the population of the country increases, the number of homeless people will also increase. There are also different reasons for homelessness. The data has to be collected along with the reasons with of the homelessness. The next step would be the analysis of the data. The data needs to be analyzed using different statistical techniques. The data needs to be collected over the years. Therefore, the data is a time series data. The different time series model can e used for the analysis of the data. The future values of homelessness can be predicted with the help of the fitted tie series model. Conclusion: The report gives an idea about the growing population of the country Australia and the growing problems of homelessness in the country. The homelessness in Australia is a major problem in the modern days. The figures and statistics show that the homeless people in Australia have been increased in the year 2011. The recommendations that follow from the study are: 1. The linear model has been fitted for studying the growth of population and the growth and the migration rate. The data about migration and growth are however not linear. Therefore, it is advisable to use a polynomial model instead of general linear model. 2. There is a scope of further study from this research are. The reasons for homelessness in Australia have not been studied for the purpose. Therefore, it is advisable to study the statistics about the reasons for homelessness. References: Abs.gov.au (2017). Abs.gov.au. Retrieved 18 January 2017, from https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/BCDDE4F49C8A3D1ECA257B8F00126F77?Opendocument Ahlburg, D. A., Kelley, A. C., Mason, K. O. (Eds.). (2013).The impact of population growth on well-being in developing countries. Springer Science Business Media. Birrell, B. (2014). The outlook for population growth in Australia.Sustainable Futures: Linking Population, Resources and the Environment, 25. Cebulla, A. (2016). Learning in a rich country: the normalisation of homelessness among apprentices in Australia.Journal of Youth Studies, 1-16. Chamberlain, C., Johnson, G., Robinson, C. (Eds.). (2014).Homelessness in Australia. UNSW Press. Coale, A. J., Hoover, E. M. (2015).Population growth and economic development. Princeton University Press. Payne, J., Macgregor, S., McDonald, H. (2015). Homelessness and housing stress among police detainees: Results from the DUMA program.Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, (492), 1. Toloo, G. S., Hu, W., FitzGerald, G., Aitken, P., Tong, S. (2015). Projecting excess emergency department visits and associated costs in Brisbane, Australia, under population growth and climate change scenarios.Scientific reports,5. Wallace, V., Graham, D., Selway, D., Kelly, T., Howe, E. (2014). Indigenous Women's Homelessness in Far North And North West QLD: toward better outcomes. Williams, A. N. (2013, June). A new population curve for prehistoric Australia. InProc. R. Soc. B(Vol. 280, No. 1761, p. 20130486). The Royal Society. Wilson, T. (2015). The demographic constraints on future population growth in regional Australia.Australian Geographer,46(1), 91-111. Wright, D. (2014). The sexual health stories of young people experiencing homelessness. Zufferey, C., Chung, D. (2015). Red dust homelessness: Housing, home and homelessness in remote Australia.Journal of Rural Studies,41, 13-22.

Stephanie Essay Example For Students

Stephanie Essay BuceyExpositoryEssayFinalRed Tailed Black Cockatoo(Calyptorhynchus banksii graptogyne)I didnt really know what to do for my expository essay. I knew thatI wanted to write about an animal and since I am a bird owner, I decided towrite about a bird. I also wanted to learn more about endangered birds andwhat is being done to save their lives. I own a cockatiel, which iscurrently a very common house pet and therefore not endangered. As Iresearched more about birds, I came to a Website about endangered birds. The Red Tailed Black Cockatoo caught my attention with its beautifulcolors. This beautiful large bird with a bright red tail reminded me of mybird but only much larger. I immediately knew I had found my subject andbegan to write down notes. The Red Tailed Black Cockatoo is a very unique bird. People say theRed Tailed Black Cockatoo is unique because of its pattern of red and blackwings. If you were to lift a Red Tailed Black Cockatoos wing you can seethe different patterns. Either you see the red over-lapping the black, theblack over-lapping the red, black bars across the red pattern, or just redon red. The Red Tailed Black Cockatoo is mostly known for its loud noisesand spectacular wings. The Red Tailed Black Cockatoo is one of the largestmembers of the endemic Australian genus, which includes most of the blackcockatoos. You can tell the difference between a male and a female RedTailed Black Cockatoo. Males are all black with red patterns in theirtails. Females resemble males but have yellow spots on the head and bellyand black bars across the red tail patterns. We will write a custom essay on Stephanie specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Red Tailed Black Cockatoo are mostly found in South Australia. The population does not exceed 1,000 individuals of which fewer than 200are thought to breed each year. The population of the Red Tailed BlackCockatoos is declining and may soon be extinct if nothing is done to savethem. There are people who are trying to save this bird. One project tosave the Red Tailed Black Cockatoo includes making nests and positioningthem on top of posts for birds that need to nest. The already made nestsare making up for the large number of trees being cut down in SouthAustralia. This increase in nests will help the Red Tailed Black Cockatooincrease its population. The breeding period for a Red Tailed Black Cockatoo is usuallyduring October-May. The tree they mainly nest in is called River Red Gum. It usually takes up to about 28 days of incubation and 87 days of thetaking care of the young birds. Those birds that do breed only breed up toone or twice a year. The Red Tailed Black Cockatoos are endangered because the nesthollows shortage. It has been proven that the failure, despite searching,to find many nests and the fast adoption of the nest boxes made by humansis evidence that there is a shortage of nest hollows. A shortage of nesthollows is thought to limit the number of cockatoos trying to breed.

Expressing Disappointment in English

Expressing Disappointment in English We try our best and hope that everyone gets along well. Unfortunately, thats not always the case and we need to express disappointment. We might be disappointed with other people, or with ourselves. At other times, we might want to express our view that something we expected didnt go as planned. For these situations, its important to keep in mind the use of register  when expressing our disappointment. In other words, who are we speaking to, what is the relationship, and how should you communicate with them? The phrases we use will be different depending on whether we are speaking with friends or at work. Use these phrases to express your disappointment in the appropriate way. Expressing Disappointment and Frustration with Yourself I wish I Past Simple Present Disappointments The use of I wish with the past simple to express something you are disappointed with at the present time. This is similar to the use of the unreal conditional  to express something imaginary. I wish I had a better job.I wish I had more time for my family.ï » ¿I wish I spoke Italian. I wish I Past Perfect Regrets about the Past The use of I wish with the past perfect  is used to express regret over something that happened in the past. This is similar to the use of the unreal past conditional to express a different result in the past. I wish I had been hired for that job.I wish I had worked harder in school.I wish I had saved more money when I was young. If only I Past Simple Present Disappointments This form is used to express things we arent happy about at the present. It is similar to the form above. If only I played soccer well.If only I understood math.If only I had a faster car. If only I Past Perfect Regrets about the Past This form is used to express things regret about past experiences. It is similar to wish past perfect. If only I had moved to this city earlier.If only I had asked her to marry me.If only I had known about that last year! These forms can also be used to express disappointment with others: I wish she had paid better attention in class.I wish they asked me more questions. Im sure I could be of more help.If only they worked with us! We would give them a better deal than Smith and Co.If only Peter had hired Tom. He was much better qualified for the job. Expressing Disappointment with Others Why didnt S Verb? Why didnt you tell me that?!Why didnt he inform me of the situation?Why didnt they finish on time? How am/was I supposed to Verb How am I supposed to complete the project?How was I supposed to know that?!How am I supposed to work with this? Formal Expressions For Disappointment What a shame!Thats too bad.Thats so disappointing!I was so looking forward to ...I / We had high hopes for ...What we had been led to expect was ... Informal Expressions For Disappointment What a bummer!What a let-down!That stinks. Role Play Exercise: Between Friends Friend 1: Im not happy.Friend 2: Whats wrong?Friend 1: Oh, I didnt get that job.Friend 2: What a bummer!Friend 1: Yeah, I wish I had prepared better for the interview.Friend 2: Maybe you were just nervous.Friend 1: If I had only thought about how my experience applied to the position.Friend 2: That stinks. Well, Im sure youll do better next time.Friend 1: I hope so. Im sick of this job.Friend 2: Every job has its ups and downs.Friend 1: Isnt that the truth!Friend 2: Lets have a beer.Friend 1: Thats something that never disappoints.Friend 2: Youre right about that. Role Play Exercise: At the Office Colleague 1: Excuse me, Peter. Could I talk to you for a moment?Colleague 2: Sure, what can I do for you?Colleague 1: Why didnt you inform me of the situation with Andrew Ltd.?Colleague 2: Im sorry about that. I thought I had the situation under control.Colleague 1: You know I had high hopes for this account.Colleague 2: Yes, I know and I apologize that it didnt work out.  Colleague 1: Yes, well, how were you supposed to know they would try to change everything in the contract.Colleague 2: If only they had given us more time to come up with a different solution.Colleague 1: OK. Well, please make sure to keep me in the loop on future situations like this.Colleague 2: Certainly, Ill be more proactive next time this happens.  Colleague 1: Thank you, Peter.Colleague 2: Of course.

How Teachers Build Great Relationships With Students

How Teachers Build Great Relationships With Students The best teachers are capable of maximizing the learning potential of each student in their class. They understand that the key to unlocking student potential is by developing positive, respectful relationships with their students beginning on the first day of the school year. Building a trusting relationship with your students can be both challenging and time-consuming. Great teachers become masters at it in time. They will tell you that developing solid relationships with your students is paramount in fostering academic success. It is essential that you earn your students’ trust early on in the year. A trusting classroom with mutual respect is a thriving classroom complete with active, engaging learning opportunities. Some teachers are more natural at building and sustaining positive relationships with their students than others. However, most teachers can overcome a deficiency in this area by implementing a few simple strategies into their classroom on a daily basis. Here are some strategies to try. Provide Structure Most kids respond positively to having structure in their classroom. It makes them feel safe and leads to increased learning. Teachers who lack structure not only lose valuable instructional time but often never gain the respect of their students. It is essential that teachers set the tone early by establishing clear expectations and practicing class procedures. It is equally critical that students see that you follow through when boundaries are overstepped. Finally, a structured classroom is one with minimal downtime. Each day should be loaded with engaging learning activities with little to no downtime. Teach With Enthusiasm and Passion   Students will respond positively when a teacher is enthusiastic and passionate about the content she is teaching. Excitement is contagious. When a teacher introduces new content enthusiastically, students will buy in. They will get just as excited as the teacher, thus translating to increased learning. Exuberance will rub off on the students in your classroom when you are passionate about the content you teach. If you are not excited, why should your students be excited? Have a Positive Attitude Everyone has terrible days including teachers. Everyone goes through personal trials that can be difficult to handle. It is essential that your personal issues do not interfere with your ability to teach. Teachers should approach their class each day with a positive attitude. Positivity is transcending. If the teacher is positive, the students will generally be positive. No one likes to be around someone who is always negative. Students will in time resent a teacher who is always negative. However, they will run through a wall for a teacher is positive and continuously offering praise. Incorporate Humor into Lessons Teaching and learning should not be boring. Most people love to laugh. Teachers should incorporate humor into their daily lessons. This may involve sharing an appropriate joke related to the content you will be teaching that day. It may be getting into character and donning a silly costume for a lesson. It may be laughing at yourself when you make a silly mistake. Humor comes in several forms and students will respond to it. They will enjoy coming to your class because they love to laugh and learn. Make Learning Fun Learning should be fun and exciting. Nobody wants to spend time in a classroom where lecturing and note-taking are the norms. Students love creative, engaging lessons that grab their attention and allow them to take ownership of the learning process. Students enjoy hands-on, kinesthetic learning activities where they can learn by doing. They are enthusiastic about technology-based lessons that are both active and visual. Use Student Interests to Your Advantage Every student has a passion for something. Teachers should use these interests and passions to their advantage by incorporating them into their lessons. Student surveys are a fantastic way to measure these interests. Once you know what your class is interested in, you have to find creative ways to integrate it into your lessons. Teachers who take the time to do this will see increased participation, higher involvement and an overall increase in learning. Students will appreciate the extra effort you have made to include their interest in the learning process. Incorporate Story Telling into Lessons   Everyone loves a compelling story. Stories allow students to make real-life connections to the concepts that they are learning. Telling stories to introduce or reinforce concepts bring those concepts to life. It takes the monotony out of learning rote facts. It keeps students interested in learning. It is especially powerful when you can tell a personal story related to a concept being taught. A good story will allow students to make connections that they may not have made otherwise. Show an Interest in Their Lives Outside of School Your students have lives away from your classroom. Talk to them about their interests and extracurricular activities that they participate in. Take an interest in their interests even if you do not share the same passion. Attend a few ball games or extracurricular activities to show your support. Encourage your students to take their passions and interests and turn them into a career. Finally, be considerate when assigning homework. Think about the extracurricular activities occurring on that particular day and try not to overburden your students. Treat Them With Respect Your students will never respect you if you do not respect them. You should never yell, use sarcasm, single a student out, or attempt to embarrass them. Those things will lead to a loss of respect from the entire class. Teachers should handle situations professionally. You should deal with problems individually, in a respectful, yet direct and authoritative manner. Teachers must treat each student the same. You cannot play favorites. The same set of rules must apply to all students. It is also vital that a teacher is fair and consistent when dealing with students. Go the Extra Mile Some students need teachers who will go that extra mile to ensure that they are successful. Some teachers provide extra tutoring on their own time before and/or after school for struggling students. They put together extra work packets, communicate with parents more frequently and take a genuine interest in the well-being of the student. Going the extra mile may mean donating clothing, shoes, food or other household goods that a family needs to survive. It may be continuing to work with a student even after he is no longer in your classroom. It is about recognizing and assisting in meeting student needs inside and outside of the classroom.

Explain and illustrate this with reference to examples drawn from at Essay

Explain and illustrate this with reference to examples drawn from at least two chapters from Book 1 - Essay Example The chapter also debates how the inequality is contested and what the demands of social justice are. There are many movements that are given as examples to support the topic. Welfare state is the concern of every society and inventing a welfare state is the responsibility of politics, policies and resources. The demands of a welfare state are equality, justice and security. But at most of the times an ideal welfare society or social justice cannot be maintained as they are bound of place and time. So there are compromises and settlements made in regards to let the system of the society work. There are different kinds of populations in a society like rich and poor. Not every society has the same needs and demands thus the concept works and lies within the society. It depends on the society but it may not fit a welfare state as a welfare state demands much more than just justice. When inequality exceeds its limits then the term used is exclusion. It is when the society becomes so unjust that groups do not even get considered as a part. The chapter answers questions that arise about social justice. The notions of social justice are based on two concepts, well-being and harm. Both of them affect the meaning of social justice and they are applied to a welfare state too. They frame the welfare state and crime control. The writer discusses the relationship between the well-being harm and social justice and talks about capabilities and capacities that are engaged to shape individuals, communities and social groups. Care is another factor involved as it fulfills functions of well-being of a society. Thus care and harm are opposition and are discussed in the chapter on contrasts. Care is associated to both welfare state and social justice. The chapter also discusses the harm and crime that is made at the work areas and explains it well with examples. The injustice made at work needs justice, making work places safe, regulating labor problems, labor mobilization,

Bullwhip Effect in Retail Supply Chains Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Bullwhip Effect in Retail Supply Chains - Essay Example Supply chain management (SCM) then includes all the methods, systems, people, and resources that help improve processes and organisations throughout the supply chain. SCM involves close working together of all companies in the chain. Simchi Levi et al. (2004) classify SCM into two categories: configuration, which is related to basic infrastructure (hardware, software, transport, etc.); and coordination, related to the way the supply chain operates. Configuration issues include decisions on choosing suppliers, outsourcing activities, and policies for purchasing, decisions on production, site location, capacity; distribution channels, retail locations, and transportation costs and issues. Coordination issues include decisions on material flows throughout the chain, how information is exchanged, and payment systems. This shows how complex supply chain management is because it involves many functions and geographic areas. Design and execution are therefore difficult and need to be managed for the supply chain to move with efficiency. An example is shown in Figure 1 (Gereffi, 2002) for retail apparel which links cotton and synthetic fibre manufacturers, textile mills, apparel manufacturers, and retail outlets from all the five continents. If one link in this chain breaks, e.g., the container ship with the raw material supply of African cotton gets lost at sea, the whole supply chain can break down and thousands of clients of Marks & Spencer will have to party using last season's fashion. Supply Chain, Meet Bullwhip What is known as the "bull-whip effect" can be described as follows: the farther away from the customer a supplier is along the supply chain, the higher would be the difference between what is really needed from what is ordered. The term was coined by Lee et al. (1997) based on observations and descriptions made by supply chain professionals at Procter & Gamble (P&G). They noticed that whilst the number of babies and the demand for nappies were stable, the orders coming from retailers and wholesalers for Pampers deliveries, P&G's best-selling nappies brand, fluctuated dramatically. And as they went further down the supply chain, starting with the orders made by P&G from the suppliers of the components that went into a nappy - plastic, cotton, and so on - they noticed even wilder fluctuations. On a graph, they noticed that these fluctuations were similar to the way the amplitude of a whiplash increases down the length of the whip once it is cracked. Thus was born the phenomenon known as the Bullwhip Effect. Figure 2 shows this phenomenon in action, using data

Is Religion In Decline As A Major Institution Religion Essay

Is Religion In Decline As A Major Institution Religion Essay This paper will critically analyse and debate the question is religion in decline as a major social institution? I will be focusing my paper primarily on the United Kingdom (UK) but will touch on other Western countries. To begin, this paper will look at the definitions of religion as this in its self is surrounded by debate, and then it will go on to look at what is meant by secularisation. The main body of the paper will look at various perspectives, both for and against the idea that religion is in decline within the UK using not only the well documented thoughts of Sociologists but also using data that has been collated through various methods, such as the Census and British Social Attitudes Survey (BSA). Religion could also be thought of in various other situations, such as in football for example, a group of people come together in a belief of something. They perform rituals and sing the praises of what could be described as their common god their football team. However, for the purpose of this paper we will assume religion to be of the most commonly perceived form ie the belief and praying to god -regardless of the gods title ie God Allah etc. When we speak of the decline of religion in society we often hear the word secularisation being mentioned, Bryan Wilson (Religion in Secular Society, 1966), describes secularisation as the process whereby religious thinking, practices and institutions is becoming less prominent in society and its institutions less important and influential in the lives of individuals. Whilst Peter Berger in The Social Reality of Religion, 1969 puts an argument forward that it is The process by which sectors of society and culture are removed from the domination of religious institutions and symbols Wilson also stated that those who defined religion in substantive terms are more likely to be in agreement of the secularisation thesis, this is due to the fact that they can show that religious beliefs has declined as people accept other more rational explanations of the world due to factors such as post-modernity, the Industrial Revolution bringing about a greater understanding of the sciences and techn ology has also brought about a decline in the beliefs of a god within the minds of UK citizens, especially Christian UK citizens. Many Sociologists are in agreement that changes in society will directly impact on changes in religion. Going a step further, some sociologists have claimed that the continuing advancement of science will eventually mean a further weakening, or even complete disappearance of religion within our society. Berger (1967) states that with the rapid growth of technologies, media and sciences comes a decline of religion and a questioning of its place in society. He goes on to state that religion, in the past, has held the answers to our unanswerable questions and gave meaning to lives. Now that our questions are now answered by science and technology then the church and religion is no longer needed. This process is also referred to as the Rational Choice Theory (RTC) of Religion . Another supporter of the secularisation theory is Bruce (1995) whom argues that by measuring the size of the clergy is a direct indicator of the popularity of religion. At the start of the 1900s, there were over 45,000 clerics in Britain, this had declined to just over 34,000 100 years later in 2000. The clergy had decreased by almost twenty five percent, despite the fact that the population had all but doubled in size (Bruce 1995). Bruce also states that another pointer to secularisation is the rising divorce rate, coupled with fewer religious marriage ceremonies. In 1995 Bruce stated that 30 years ago church weddings used to make up 75% of all marriage ceremonies, but now this figure has fallen to less than half . When you add this statistic with the facts that there is an ever increasing divorce rate, cohabitation is becoming commonplace and the percentage of children being born outside of a marriage is at am all time high; it has to be seen that religion and its moral value sys tem exert little influence today (Bruce 1995). Durkheim stated A religion is a unified system of beliefs and practicesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦which unite into one single moral community called a Church, all those who adhere to them (Durkheim 1915: 62). He emphasised that religion brought people together, they shared a common belief and commitment to the same sacred symbol. It must be pointed out that Durkheim states that it is the coming together and bonding that is important not the reason of their togetherness. Durkheim argues that religion holds an essential social function There can be no society which does not feel the need of upholding and reaffirming at regular intervals the collective sentiments and collective ideas which make its unity and its personality (1915, 474-475) Although Durkheim was speaking here regarding religion we can see this happening in other ways in society, going back to the football match you could relate this statement back to the Emirates stadium, Anfield, Old Trafford and indeed any of the 100s of football grounds around the UK on any given Saturday between August and May! Webers The Protestant Ethic The Spirit of Capitalism shows us how Calvinists in the 16th and 17th century looked upon a persons success within business and savings was an indication that they were destined for salvation. We can relate this to the early beginnings of capitalism and a persons responsibility and prospects, with time the emphasis of religious beliefs was eroded as capitalism prospered. With this new society came increasing rationalisation, this lead to disenchantment and inevitably along with that came a decrease in religious belief systems and church attendance Anthon y Giddens (1997) wrote The three classical sociological theorists, Marx, Durkheim and Weber [all] thought that the significance of religion would decrease in modern times. Each believed that religion is in a fundamental sense an illusion. The advocates of different faiths may be wholly persuaded of the validity of the beliefs they hold and the rituals in which they participate, yet the very diversity of religions and their obvious connections to different types of society, the three thinkers held, make these claims inherently implausible. If we are to examine secularisation it is common sense to evaluate church attendance. According to the 1851 British Census just over 40% of the population attended church. By 1950 this had dipped to 20% and in 2000 we saw just 7.5 % of people stating that they attended church. Looking towards the future we could look at Sunday school attendance. Attendance had also dropped to an all time low in 1900 55% of children attended Sunday School in the year 2000 this figure plummeted below 4% this surely shows that religion is in decline, and at a very swift rate. The UK Census Data (2001) shows that 71.6% claim to be Christian, 2.7% Muslim, 1.0% Hindu, 0.6% Sikh, 0.5% Jewish, 0.3% Buddhist and 23.2% either have no religion or did not state one. However, if we compare the Census 2001 data with data available from Social Trends 30 (2000) cited in Moore (2001) suggest that while Christianity seems to be in decline other religions are not. Within the UK Islam had increased 380% from 130,000 people stating it as their religion in 1970 to 495,000. The UK has also seen a massive increase in Sikhism by 250% from 1970 to 1990. It must be pointed out that although undoubtedly these religions are on the increase by 100s of percent that the total number of individuals that say they are practising these religions is still quite a small percentage of the UK population. It also should be pointed out that although the Census data is usually accurate it is now almost 10 years old, and could be seen as outdated information. . An opposing view of secularisation argues that religious practices and participation have, in the past, been greatly overestimated and exaggerated. Martin (1967), has questioned the validity and reliability of past religious statistics. He argues that the demographic content is not valid and questions methods used for the collation of this data. Martin states that peoples religious belief systems and belonging to religious groups cannot be measured from statistics regarding religious practice. He goes on to state that although people may be religious they are choosing to express their belief in alternative ways. Martin also argued that some people attended Church for what the church can do for them in a non-religious capacity, for social motive, as opposed to holding strong religious beliefs. This mindset resulted in attendance of church numbers being inflated , Martin questions whether or not to interpret declining attendance to places of worship as evidence that points towards a lo ss of religious faith within society. Demaroth and Hammond (1969), also agree with this viewpoint and state that We should avoid the quick assumption that Church members are always highly religious in their personal beliefs and activities, or that Church non-members are otherwise non-religious.. Robert Bellah puts forward the argument that it is wrong to perceive that just because people do no longer attend church is vast numbers that region itself is in decline. Bellah states that people do not need to be a part of a large religious organisation in order to be religious, they can simply practice their beliefs in their own homes and lives and it is this that makes them religious, not the fact that they attend a church building. Luckmann (1967) calls this practice the Invisible Religion Luckmann states that when society goes through periods of vast change and development it is also expected that religious practices and systems will also evolve, and new forms shall emerge. It is fair to say that both Bellah and Luckmann agree that religion is simply transforming rather than declining. They argue that whilst group and public meetings of religion are in decline that personal practice is as strong as ever, but cannot be scientifically measured. A similar argument is put forward by Grace Davie (1995) she is in agreement with Bellah in that secularisation needs to be separated from belief and belonging. She argues the theory that in the UK religion is belief without belonging people believe, but feel they do not belong to the church, so they practice their religion in the privacy of their own homes. To conclude, it must be said that religion is in decline as a major social institution within the UK when referring to the Christian religions specifically Roman Catholics, Protestants and Methodists. These religious institutions have seen a rapid fall in church attendance- regardless of if people are practicing in their own homes or not. Within the UK religion, specifically Christianity, has seen a decrease, or disengagement, of power issues such as abortion and divorce used to be influenced greatly by the church today people do not look to the church for guidance on such issues but look more towards personal circumstance in order to reach decisions. With this in mind it can only be concluded that the major institution that we know as the church now holds less power, less cohesion and less importance within the UK today with traditions of religion and prayer being replaced by new technologies and a wish for an individual to succeed in personal issues such as employment, status and w ealth. The opposite could be argued for other religions such as Hinduism, Islam and Sikhism, although it could also be argued that these religions are only on the increase due to immigration into the UK in the past 10 years. I found very little factual data that could show a large number of UK born citizens joining such religions so it is my belief that the growth of these religions is primarily due to the fact that the beliefs and practices of these religions have been brought into the UK rather than developed within the UK. Ref Journal: Tony Fahey Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review, Vol. 83, No. 332 (Winter, 1994), pp. 367-375 (article consists of 9 pages) Published by: Irish Province of the Society of Jesus Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/30091534 Growth and Decline of Churchly Religion Ref Journal ; Malaise in the Sociology of Religion: A Prescription Richard K. Fenn Sociological Analysis, Vol. 46, No. 4 (Winter, 1985), pp. 401-414 (article consists of 14 pages) Published by: Oxford University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3711156 Davie, G (1994) Religion in Britain since 1945. England,Blackwell Publishing Giddens,.A (2001) Sociology Introductory Readings , revised edition.: England, polity Hamilton, M (2001): The Sociology of Religion : England: Routlegde Luckmann, T (1963) The Invisible Religion: The Problem With Religion in Modern Society : England, Macmillan. British Social Attitudes Survey (BSA), viewed 08 April 2010, BOOK Bruce, S 1995, Religion in Modern Britain, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Census. Religion in Britain: Office for National Statistics, viewed 16 April 2010, www.curriculum-press.co.uk sociology fact sheet one viewed 28 March 2010.